Social security in India Wikipedia

The nine-digit number, which is used widely by government agencies in the US, is seemingly as ubiquitous as Aadhaar. It is often used as an example of an advance economy successfully doing something similar to India’s unique identity project. But there are important differences between the two, starting with the fact that the Social Security Number is, well, not an identity number. Gratuity is exempt from taxation provided that the amount does not exceed 15 days’ salary for every completed year of service calculated on the last drawn salary (subject to a maximum of Rs 10 lakh or US$15,467.62). It is important to note that an employer can choose to pay more gratuity to an employee, which is known as ex-gratia and is a voluntary contribution. Until 2011, the SSA published the last group number used for each area number.[41] Because group numbers were allocated in a regular pattern, it was possible to identify an unissued SSN that contained an invalid group number.

Additional welfare measure systems are also uniquely operated by various state governments.[4][5] Aadhaar is utilised to distribute welfare measures in India. A notable example of this is when the chief executive officer (CEO) of identity theft prevention service LifeLock used his SSN in advertisements as a testament to his company’s effectiveness. A Social Security number is very important to have due to its direct connection to the future benefits you may be entitled to receive from the U.S. government. States could have more than one number, depending on how many people needed SSNs. Examples of area numbers include 001 to 003 for New Hampshire and 575 to 576 for Hawaii.

National level social security bodies and programs

“We pointed out that a biometrics ID system would be expensive, intrusive and ineffective, and requiring such an ID card would fundamentally transform the information demands the US government places on its citizens,” said Michael Froomkin, a professor of law at Miami University. Around 2011, American authorities considered introducing a new biometrics-linked identity card for work authorisation for residents. Called the Biometric Enrollment, Locally-stored Information, and Electronic Verification of Employment or BELIEVE card, it aimed capture fingerprints or scans of veins on the back of hands. Under the pre-existing Maternity Benefit Act of 1961, every woman is entitled to, and her employer is liable for, the payment of maternity benefits at the rate of the average daily wage for the period of the employee’s actual absence from work.

Additionally, one can view the international securities identification numbers organization that helps assign ISIN codes to securities. In Australia, the Tax File Number (TFN) is issued by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to individuals and businesses to track them for income tax purposes. Similar to the Social Security Number (SSN) in the US, each individual’s TFN is unique, and does not change throughout their lifetime. However, unlike its US counterpart, Australian law specifically prohibits the use of the TFN as a national identification number, and restricts the use of the TFN to tracking individuals for filing income taxes, superannuation contributions and receiving state welfare benefits. Although the universal use of national identification number (known as «Personal Identification Number») is considered to be unconstitutional, it is still used in many places.

Personal number is also reused as taxpayer identification number for Individual entrepreneurs. For citizens first few digits apparently represent place of birth, but format is not public. In Hong Kong, a Hong Kong Identity Card (HKID) is mandatory for all residents aged over 11, subject to limited exceptions. HKID cards contain the bearer’s HKID number, of which the standard format is X123456(A).

The CPR number is a ten-digit number with the format DDMMYY-SSSS, where DDMMYY is the date of birth and SSSS is a sequence number. The first digit of the sequence number encodes the century of birth (so that centenarians are distinguished from infants, 0–4 in odd centuries, 5–9 in even centuries), and the last digit of the sequence number is odd for males and even for females. As of 2012, NADRA has started to issue SMART ID cards which include an encrypted chip. The SMART card plan is to be extended to disburse social benefits as well as to allow the heirs of the card to get life insurance at the death of the card holder.

SSNs used in advertising

The structure of such number is GYYMMDDXXXC, whereas G is the gender (but also indicates century of birth, and, in some cases, citizenship), YYMMDD is the birth date year, month, day, XXX is the serial number, and C is a checksum digit. For some time, the West German government intended to create a 12-digit personal identification number (Personenkennzeichen, PKZ) for all citizens, registered alien residents on its territory, and all non-resident Nazi victims entitled to compensation payments. The Employees’ Provident Fund Organization, under the Ministry of Labor and Employment, ensures superannuation pension and family pension in case of death during service. Presently, only about 35 million out of a labor force of 400 million have access to formal social security in the form of old-age income protection in India.

Dear UIDAI, You Have Some Answering to Do on Aadhaar; Start Here

In contrast, since the first Aadhaar number was issued in 2010, the government in India has tried to link maximum schemes and benefits to Aadhaar, pausing briefly when the Supreme Court issued orders restricting the government from making Aadhaar compulsory. The Unique Identification Authority of India has already entered into agreements with a number of companies providing authentication and identification services using Aadhaar as a platform. In contrast, Aadhaar has been designed for use by both public and private entities.

1. The Identity Card is not used for international travel purposes (a separate passport is issued) but usually is acceptable photographic identification for internal flights, and mainly serves as proof of identification.
2. If you have problems with your credit, you must contact your financial institution and the credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion).
3. The system is raising privacy concerns, since the age and the sex of the bearer can be decoded from the number.

Social Security number

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. The Supreme Court passed at least six orders since 2013 saying the government cannot require people to register for an Aadhaar number and no one can be deprived of a government service for not having an Aadhaar number. Over the next week, a special series on Scroll.in will take a closer look at the many dimensions of Aadhaar, from its use for social welfare, to its expansion in the private sector, to concerns over privacy and data violations.

Further, when the Unique Identification Authority of India authenticates the identity of individuals against the Aadhaar database, it generates millions of authentication logs every day, containing the request received, the response, and the metadata related to the transaction. With no legal restrictions on use of the Social Security Number by private companies, several businesses such as credit bureaus started asking individuals for their Social Security Number and storing it. The Act also secures 12 weeks of maternity leave for mothers adopting a child below the age of three months as well as to commissioning mothers who opt to use a surrogate. The 12-week period in these cases will be calculated from the date the child is handed over to the adoptive or commissioning mother.

The first digit signifies type of citizenship, the second to fifth the office where the number was issued, the sixth to twelfth are group and sequence numbers, and the last digit acts as a check digit. During Portuguese rule, Macau had no unified identification system, and several departments had the authority to issue identity cards to Macau citizens and residents. Since 1992, the Identification Department (once known as SIM, now called DSI) has become the unitary authority to issue identity cards. In Venezuela, the Administrative Service of Identification, Migration, and Immigration (SAIME) issues an ID card for individuals in their teens (Cédula de Identidad). The ID card includes date of birth, a correlative number (population continuous number for nationals, greater than 80,000,000 for foreign-born residents), a photo, marital status, expiration date (an expired ID card is still valid for nationals), and a fingerprint. In the case of natural persons, the RUN/RUT number is used as a national identification number, as a taxpayer number, as a social insurance number, as a driver’s license number, for employment, etc.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to «SSN randomization».[47] SSN randomization affects the SSN assignment process. Among its changes, it eliminates what is ssn number in india the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN, previously referred to as the Area Number, by no longer allocating the Area Numbers for assignment to individuals in specific states. The second group of numbers (SS) represents the place of birth of the holder — the states (01–13), the federal territories (14–16) or the country of origin (60–85). The last group of numbers (###G) is a serial number in an unidentified pattern which is randomly generated.

Individuals in the U.S. are asked to provide their SSNs to obtain credit, open bank accounts, obtain government benefits, make major purchases, and more. But under section 7 of the Aadhaar Act, the government can ask a resident to produce Aadhaar for any “benefit, subsidy or service”, which has made the ambit of the project very wide. Now even private companies have incorporated the Aadhaar number in their systems. The Privacy Act of 1974 makes it unlawful for a governmental agency in the US to deny a right, benefit, or privilege merely because the individual refuses to disclose his Social Security Number, except when disclosure is required by federal statute. In most states, legally, an individual is required to provide their Social Security Number to a business only if the transaction requires so under Internal Revenue Service or federal Customer Identification Program rules.

The National Pension System (NPS) is a defined contribution pension system administered and regulated by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), created by an Act of the Parliament of India. The legal framework for assigning a Social Security number is provided under Section 205(c)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S. Code, Chapter 7, Subsection 405). Social Security numbers and cards are issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA). New York and West Virginia have statutes that limit the use of the Social Security Number as a student identity number. Kentucky allows students to opt out of the use of Social Security Numbers.

For example, in the social engineering attack involving Hewlett-Packard, executives hired private investigators to manipulate phone companies into disclosing calling information and social security numbers of employees they suspected were leaking information to the press. In San Marino there exists the Codice ISS (Istituto Sicurezza Sociale), which is composed of 5 digits. The Constitution of Portugal — in its 35th Article — expressly prohibits the assignment of a national single number to the citizens. This prohibition is related with the protection of the personal rights, liberties and guaranties. As such, a national identification number does not exist, but instead each citizen has several different identification numbers for use in the different single purposes.